By: Dr. Veja Tillman, DVM | Just 4 Pets Veterinary Wellness Center
Bufo toads—also known as cane toads or marine toads (Rhinella marina)—pose a serious threat to pets, especially dogs and cats. These large, toxic amphibians thrive in warm, humid areas like Florida, Texas, and Hawaii, and are known for secreting a potent toxin that can be deadly to animals.
HOW TOAD TOXICITY HAPPENS
When threatened, Bufo toads release a milky-white toxin from glands behind their eyes and across their skin. Pets are most at risk when they lick, bite, or mouth the toad, as the toxin is quickly absorbed through the soft tissues in the mouth. Even drinking water that a toad has been in can cause poisoning.
This toxin mainly affects the brain, heart, and muscles. It contains chemicals that can throw off heart rhythms and interrupt normal nerve function, often with life-threatening results.
HOW TO SPOT THE SIGNS
Symptoms usually show up within minutes and can get worse quickly. What to watch for:
- Mouth issues: Lots of drooling (often thick and foamy), red or irritated gums, or your pet pawing at their mouth like something’s wrong
- Stomach problems: Vomiting and diarrhea
- Acting strangely: Confused behavior, wobbliness, twitching, or even full-body shaking (seizures)
- Heart and breathing troubles: Fast or irregular heartbeat, heavy panting, or gums that look blue or very pale
- Other signs: Big, wide pupils, or your pet feeling very hot to the touch—especially if they’ve had a seizure
If you notice any of these signs, treat it as an emergency. Without fast care, the toxin can lead to brain swelling, fluid in the lungs, or even death.
WHAT TO DO IN AN EMERGENCY
If you think your pet has come into contact with a Bufo toad:
- Get your pet away from the toad right away
- Rinse out their mouth using a gentle stream of water. Keep their head tilted down so they don’t swallow the water. You can also wipe the inside of their mouth with a wet cloth for up to 20 minutes.
- Don’t use a hose with strong pressure, as this could send water into their lungs
- Take them to a vet immediately, even if they seem okay
- Wear gloves when handling your pet, and wash your hands after
HOW VETS TREAT IT
There’s no antidote for Bufo toad toxin, so vets focus on supportive care. Treatment usually includes flushing the mouth again, giving IV fluids, controlling seizures or irregular heartbeats with medication, cooling the body if needed, and closely monitoring vital signs. Fast treatment gives your pet the best chance of recovery.
HOW TO PREVENT IT
- Always supervise pets outside—especially at night or after it rains
- Bring in food and water bowls and turn off outdoor lights
- Keep your yard trimmed and free of hiding spots
- Cover pools and consider putting up pet-safe barriers
- Stay alert if Bufo toads are active in your area
Being prepared and acting fast can save your pet’s life. Stay watchful—and keep your furry friends safe.
ABOUT DR. VEJA TILLMAN, DVM
Dr. Tillman is a 2002 graduate of Tuskegee University School of Veterinary Medicine. Her veterinary practice and work experience focuses on health and wellness of pets. She is the owner of Just 4 Pets Wellness Center and can be reached at 239-270-5721.
